Concrete Box Girder Bridge Design Example Pdf Download ((EXCLUSIVE))

The obtained experimental results can be used to accurately model the shrinkage behaviour of box girder sections, which can aid bridge designers to identify causes for excessive vertical deflections of box girders, and provide the basis for analysis and design of future box girder bridges.

1. Concrete shrinkage camber is not uniform in height but has a maximum at the top of box girders and decreases exponentially towards the bottom of the girder. The shrinkage camber of the bottom slab was found to be more significant than that of the top slab.

4. In general, the shrinkage camber of box girder sections is smaller than that of prestressed concrete (PC) sections. This could be due to higher shrinkage stress in PC sections caused by restraint between adjacent spandrels. Furthermore, the shrinkage camber of the top slab is always smaller than that of the bottom slab due to the presence of the stiffening ribs in the top slab.

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Thus, the LSM images have revealed the crack behaviors of the Ti film on the PDMS substrates at the micro- and nanoscales. The LSM images are found to be consistent with the optical microscopy images, as shown in Figure 2g,h. From the results obtained so far, it is found that the crack formation mainly occurs during the deformation of the PDMS substrate, and that the crack behaviors are strain dependent. The crack density is larger in the undeformed areas and becomes smaller as the strain becomes larger.

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